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The Status of Livestock Genetic Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Ethiopia: Review

Ethiopia is the home of diverse livestock genetic resources due to the following factors: the presence of diverse agro-ecology and the presence of a diverse cultural community. Livestock genetic resources make a significant contribution to Ethiopia's agricultural growth and gross domestic product (GDP). However, while livestock genetic resources make a tangible contribution to Ethiopia's agricultural GDP, implementing sustainable utilization and conservation programs is limited. Furthermore, Ethiopia has demonstrated the value of focusing on acquiring exotic genetic resources. These and other related processes contribute to the loss of genetic resources. As a result, the goal of this review is to assess the current state of livestock genetic resource conservation and sustainable utilization for future consideration. Most livestock distribution, population size, and herd/flock structure are unknown based on this review. However, knowing this information is critical for developing a conservation and sustainable utilization strategy. Though this issue has not been resolved, both in-situ and ex-situ conservation are being implemented in various sections of the country for various livestock breeds. In Ethiopia, the main threats to livestock genetic resources are indiscriminate crossing, conflict, drought, and agrochemicals (improper utilization of herbicides and pesticides for bees). As a result, they should be tackled strategically by involving all stakeholders, including funding an adequate budget for the industry. In general, the objective of the review is to summarize the status of livestock genetic resources in Ethiopia.

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