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Comparative analysis of Anopheles gambiae s.l response to essential oil and extracts from seeds of Azadirachta indica
There is growing interest in botanical insecticides as possible substitutes for chemical insecticides. The larvicidal properties of essential oils and extracts from Azadirachta indica were tested in this work against the fourth instar of Anopheles gambiae s.l. using laboratory and semi-field investigations. In the laboratory and semi-field studies, the identical batches of twenty early 4th-instar larvae were collected and assigned to each treatment. At regular intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, mortality was recorded. After applying 75 ppm essential oils and extracts, respectively, to larvae in a lab setting for 72 hours, about 71% and 51% of larvae died. The semi-field experiment's larval mortality rate was comparable to the lab findings. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the seed oil exhibited potent larvicidal properties against Anopheles gambiae s.l., and it could serve as a sustainable substitute for chemical insecticides in the management of larvae.
